The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England. The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield (d'Eglesfield) in honour of Queen Philippa of Hainault (wife of King Edward III of England). The college is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture, which includes buildings designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Nicholas Hawksmoor.
In 2015, the college had an endowment of £265 million, making it the fifth wealthiest college (after St. John's, Christ Church, All Souls and Merton).
Video The Queen's College, Oxford
History
The college was founded in 1341 as "Hall of the Queen's scholars of Oxford" by Robert de Eglesfield (d'Eglesfield), chaplain to Queen Philippa of Hainault (the wife of King Edward III of England), after whom the hall was named. Robert's aim was to provide clergymen for his native Cumberland and where he lived in Westmorland (both part of modern Cumbria). In addition the college was to provide charity for the poor. The college's coat of arms is that of the founder; it differs slightly from his family's coat of arms, which did not include the gold star on the breast of the first eagle. The current coat of arms was adopted by d'Eglesfield because he was unable to use his family's arms, being the younger son. d'Eglesfield had grand plans for the college with a provost, twelve fellows studying theology, up to thirteen chaplains, and seventy-two poor boys. However the college did not have the funding to support such numbers and initially had just two fellows.
In the mid 15th century, the college gained land and patronage, giving it a good endowment and allowing it to expand to 10 fellows by the end of the century. By 1500 the college had started to take paying undergraduates, typically sons of the gentry and middle class, who paid the fellows for teaching. In 1535 there were 14 of them, rising to 194 by 1612. The college added lectureships in Greek and philosophy. Provost Henry Robinson obtained an act of parliament incorporating the college as 'The Queen's College' in 1585 so Robinson is known as the second founder.
Following the new foundation the college had a good reputation and flourished until the 1750s. Joseph Williamson, who had been admitted as a poor boy and went on to become a fellow, rose to secretary of state and amassed a fortune. He funded a new range on Queen Street built in 1671-72. Following a bequest of books from Thomas Barlow, a new library was built in 1693-96 by master builder John Townesend. A further bequest from Williamson of £6,000 along with purchase of the buildings along the High Street allowed a new front quad to be built, along with replacing the remaining medieval buildings. They were completed by 1759 by John's son William Townesend. The college gained a large number of benefactions during this time that helped pay for the buildings and bring in more scholars from other, mostly Northern, towns.
From the 1756, as with other Oxford colleges, standards dropped. The Oxford commission of 1850-1859 revised the statues and removed the Northern preference for fellows and most of the students. Over the coming years requirements of fellows being unmarried were relaxed, the number of fellows required to have taken orders and study theology was reduced and in 1871 the Universities Tests Act allowed non-conformists and Catholics.
Naming
The college is named for its first patroness, Queen Philippa of Hainault (1314-1369, the wife of King Edward III). Established in January 1341 'under the name of the Hall of the Queen's scholars of Oxford' (sub nomine aule scholarium Regine de Oxon), the college was subsequently called the 'Queen's Hall', 'Queenhall' and 'Queen's College'. An Act of 1585 sought to end this confusion by providing that it should be called by the one name 'the Queen's College'; in practice the definite article is usually omitted. The full name of the College, as indicated in its annual reports, is The Provost and Scholars of The Queen's College in the University of Oxford. Queens' College in Cambridge positions its apostrophe differently and has no article, as it was named for multiple Queens (Margaret of Anjou, the wife of King Henry VI, and Elizabeth Woodville, the wife of King Edward IV).
In popular culture
In April 2012, as part of the celebrations of the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, a series of commemorative stamps were released featuring A-Z pictures of famous British landmarks. The Queen's College's front quad was used on the Q stamp, alongside other landmarks such as the Angel of the North on A and the Old Bailey on O.
Traditions
One of the most famous feasts of the College is the Boar's Head Gaudy, which originally was the Christmas Dinner for members of the College who were unable to return home to the north of England over the Christmas break between terms, but is now a feast for old members of the College on the Saturday before Christmas.
Maps The Queen's College, Oxford
Buildings
Front Quad
The main entrance on the High Street leads to the front quad which was built in 1709-1759. There are symmetrical ranges on the East and West side while at the back of the quad is a building containing the chapel and the hall. Nicholas Hawksmoor provided a number of designs which were not used directly but which heavily influenced the final design. Above the college entrance is a statue of Caroline of Ansbach, wife of George II, by the sculptor Henry Cheere and her name, 'Carolina Regina, Nov. 12, 1733' may also be found marking the laying of the foundation stone of the screen wall which is visible from the high street.
Chapel
The chapel is noted for its Frobenius organ in the west gallery. It was installed in 1965, replacing a Rushworth and Dreaper organ from 1931. The earliest mention of an organ is 1826. The Chapel Choir has been described as "Oxford's finest mixed-voice choir" and continues to perform termly concerts, with recent examples including Handel's Messiah and Bach's St. John Passion. The chapel has stood virtually unchanged since it was consecrated by the Archbishop of York in 1719.
Holy Communion is celebrated every Sunday morning and at other times and is open to all communicant members of any Christian church or denomination. The Sunday evening service takes the traditional form of Choral Evensong, which is also held on Wednesday and Friday evenings during term. Morning and evening prayer is said daily, and at other times some like to use the stillness for their own prayer. Baptisms, confirmations, and weddings are also conducted for members or former members of the College.
Back Quad
A second and older quad lies to the north of the hall and chapel. The West side consists of the library. The East side is the Williamson building which was originally built to a design by Christopher Wren but has been largely rebuilt since then.
Library
The Upper Library has been a focal point for the College ever since its construction at the end of the 17th century. Unlike many other similar rooms in Oxford libraries, the Upper Library remains as a silent reading room for students open during staffed hours. The open cloister below the Upper Library was enclosed in the 19th century to form the Lower Library, which now houses the bulk of the lending collection. The lending collection consists of around 50,000 with an additional 70,000 items in the special collections available by appointment. In April 2017 the New Library opened beneath the Provost's Garden.
Annexes
Queen's is one of a small number of colleges in Oxford to provide accommodation for all of its undergraduates, who are divided between the college's main buildings and other annexes nearby. These include the Florey Building in St Clement's, designed by James Stirling and named after former Queen's Provost and Nobel Prize winner Howard Florey, which houses most of the college's first years. There are close to 80 rooms, of which those on the top floor have a mezzanine level where the students' beds are located. At one end of the building at ground level there is a common room and a breakfast room. The college also owns the Cardo Building opposite the Oxford University Sports centre on Iffley Road (where Roger Bannister ran the first ever four-minute mile in 1954). This building is home to a mixture of first, second and third years, as well as a common room, breakfast room and the college's two squash courts. Adjacent to college is the other main undergraduate annex, located just across Queen's Lane, called Carrodus Quad. It was completely refurbished and now has approximately 80 en suite rooms for second and final year students. The building also houses a conference room, one of the college's music practice rooms and the college gym. Many of the post-graduates are housed in another college annex, St Aldate's House, which is situated down St Aldate's near Folly Bridge. There are also a small number of undergraduates (particularly international students) who live in the building. Each room has its own en suite and a kitchen shared with up to nine other students.
Gallery
Student life
Queen's is an active community performing strongly in intercollegiate sport competitions, having a variety of societies and, as one of the larger colleges, hosting triennial Commemoration balls. The 2007 ball coincided with the 666th anniversary of the college.
Queen's is host to a number of dining, drinking and sports societies as well as some which are more academically orientated such as a medical society.
Sport
The college playing field, less than a mile from the main buildings, runs down to the banks of the Isis: It has a football and a hockey pitch, together with hard tennis courts, a netball court and a pavilion. The football ground is nicknamed Fortress Riverside by the club and its supporters due to its close proximity to the Isis. Queen's College shares a rugby pitch nearby with University College. In the summer the goal posts go down and a cricket square appears in the middle.
On the opposite bank of the river is a boathouse, shared with two other colleges. The college's two squash courts, located at the Cardo Building. The college has a designated table tennis room.
College sport is organised and funded through the Amalgamated Sports Clubs Committee, consisting of individual club captains and other representatives of college sport. The Queen's College competes strongly in most of the intercollegiate Cuppers (tournament style) and league sports, with many 1st teams competing in top divisions.
The College is notable for having one of the oldest boat clubs in the world, along with many other colleges. In 1837, The Queen's College Boat Club represented Oxford in the third Boat Race against Lady Margaret Boat Club, representing Cambridge, and won. This event, held on the River Thames at Henley-on-Thames, is credited with leading to support from the town for the establishment of the Henley Royal Regatta, one of the most famous rowing events in the world, in 1839. The college's colours were changed thereafter from red and white to navy blue and white, the colours of the university. Rowing is still a major sport in the College, with the second men's boat winning blades in Torpids 2015.
Music
The Queen's College is well known in and beyond Oxford for the quality and quantity of its musical activities. The mixed-voice Chapel Choir is conducted by the Organist and Praelector in Music, Owen Rees, a noted scholar of Iberian polyphony, and occasional services are conducted by the Organ Scholars. The singers include Choral Scholars (up to eighteen at any one time) and volunteers, all of whom are auditioned. The Choir sings Evensong three times a week during term, and performs one major concert each term, often with a noted orchestral ensemble; most recently, the choir performed Bach's St. John Passion in the Sheldonian Theatre. The choir also undertakes regular tours and short visits both within this country and abroad. The Eglesfield Musical Society, named after the Founder (and the oldest musical society in Oxford), organises a substantial series of concerts each year, ranging from chamber music to orchestral works. These concerts provide performing and conducting opportunities for the College's many musicians, as well as featuring visiting artists. There are weekly lunchtime organ recitals in College, including, during 2000, a series featuring the complete organ works of Bach, to mark the 250th anniversary of the composer's death.
College Grace
As is the case with many Oxbridge colleges, Queen's uses a Latin grace which is recited every evening before the second sitting of dinner:
Benedic nobis, Domine Deus, et his donis, quae ex liberalitate Tua sumpturi sumus; per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.
At gaudy dinners this grace is sung by the choir.
Notable former students
- Tony Abbott, 28th Prime Minister of Australia
- Joseph Addison, co-founder of The Spectator
- Rowan Atkinson, actor and comedian, known for Blackadder and Mr. Bean
- Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher, and legal and social reformer
- Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web and director of the World Wide Web Consortium
- Wilfred Bion, British psychoanalyst
- Christopher Bland, British businessman and politician
- Cory Booker, United States Senator from New Jersey
- Vere Gordon Childe, Australian archaeologist
- John Crewdson, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist for The New York Times
- Ernest Dowson, English poet and prose writer
- Alfred Enoch, British actor
- Eric Garcetti, Mayor of Los Angeles
- Leonard Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann, English jurist and judge
- Edmund Halley, English astronomer
- Fred Halliday, Irish academic, Fellow of the British Academy, Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at London School of Economics
- King Henry V of England
- Edwin Powell Hubble, American astronomer
- Ruth Kelly, former UK Cabinet and Government Minister
- Kenneth Leighton, twentieth-century English composer
- Thomas Middleton, English Jacobean playwright and poet
- David Oliver, Geriatrician. Professor of Medicine for Older People at City University. Former National Clinical Director for Older People Department of Health. President British Geriatrics Society. Visiting Fellow The King's Fund
- John Owen, seventeenth-century English theologian
- Brian Paddick, twice Liberal Democrat candidate for Mayor of London
- Walter Horatio Pater, English essayist
- Richard Rampton, barrister in high-profile cases such as Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt, which was the subject of the film Denial
- Ryan Max Riley, United States Ski Team skier
- Oliver Sacks, neurologist and writer
- Leopold Stokowski, conductor
- Claire Taylor MBE, English cricketer
- William Thomson, Archbishop of York
- John Wycliffe, English theologian
- Adam Zamoyski, historian and author
See also
- Fellows of The Queen's College, Oxford
- List of Provosts of The Queen's College, Oxford
- Queens' College, Cambridge
- Daniel Faraday and The Constant in Lost
- List of Honorary Fellows of The Queen's College, Oxford
- The Neda Agha-Soltan Graduate Scholarship
References
External links
- Official website
- Virtual Tour of the Queen's College
- Queen's College JCR
- Queen's College MCR
Source of article : Wikipedia
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